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By NASA
Explore This Section Projects Highlights Publications NASA Citizen Scientists Science Activation Resources 2 min read
Amateur Radio Scientists Shine at the 2025 HamSCI Workshop
A collage of Posters from HamSCI’s March workshop. You can read them all online! Love Ham Radio? The HamSCI project fosters collaboration between amateur radio operators and professional researchers. Its goals are to advance scientific research and understanding through amateur radio activities, encourage the development of modern technologies to support this research, and provide educational opportunities for the amateur community and the public.
HamSCI held its annual Workshop, ‘HamSCI’s Big Year’, at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in late March. Over 100 members of the HamSCI community attended: researchers, students (secondary through graduate level), and citizen scientist volunteers. Over the two-day event, in-person and virtual participants experienced twenty-five talks on topics ranging from analysis of HamSCI’s 2023/24 Festivals of Eclipse Ionospheric Science events to space weather observations made during the May 10, 2024 geomagnetic superstorm.
The Workshop hosted a variety of Keynote and Invited Tutorial speakers, including distinguished scientists and leaders in the Amateur (ham) Radio community. The Workshop concluded with a poster session, featuring current research, ongoing educational activities, and concepts for future events involving Sun-space-Earth science topics. Posters were submitted from the US, Brazil, Egypt, the United Kingdom, and Turkey.
Explore the workshop presentations and posters. Videos of conference presentations will be available at the HamSCI website in a few months.
HamSCI is supported by NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the Amateur Radio Digital Communications (ARDC) foundation.
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Last Updated May 01, 2025 Related Terms
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By NASA
3 min read
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
Communities in coastal areas such as Florida, shown in this 1992 NASA image, are vulnerable to the effects of sea level rise, including high-tide flooding. A new agency-led analysis found a higher-than-expected rate of sea level rise in 2024, which was also the hottest year on record.NASA Last year’s increase was due to an unusual amount of ocean warming, combined with meltwater from land-based ice such as glaciers.
Global sea level rose faster than expected in 2024, mostly because of ocean water expanding as it warms, or thermal expansion. According to a NASA-led analysis, last year’s rate of rise was 0.23 inches (0.59 centimeters) per year, compared to the expected rate of 0.17 inches (0.43 centimeters) per year.
“The rise we saw in 2024 was higher than we expected,” said Josh Willis, a sea level researcher at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. “Every year is a little bit different, but what’s clear is that the ocean continues to rise, and the rate of rise is getting faster and faster.”
This graph shows global mean sea level (in blue) since 1993 as measured by a series of five satellites. The solid red line indicates the trajectory of this increase, which has more than doubled over the past three decades. The dotted red line projects future sea level rise.NASA/JPL-Caltech In recent years, about two-thirds of sea level rise was from the addition of water from land into the ocean by melting ice sheets and glaciers. About a third came from thermal expansion of seawater. But in 2024, those contributions flipped, with two-thirds of sea level rise coming from thermal expansion.
“With 2024 as the warmest year on record, Earth’s expanding oceans are following suit, reaching their highest levels in three decades,” said Nadya Vinogradova Shiffer, head of physical oceanography programs and the Integrated Earth System Observatory at NASA Headquarters in Washington.
Since the satellite record of ocean height began in 1993, the rate of annual sea level rise has more than doubled. In total, global sea level has gone up by 4 inches (10 centimeters) since 1993.
This long-term record is made possible by an uninterrupted series of ocean-observing satellites starting with TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992. The current ocean-observing satellite in that series, Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, launched in 2020 and is one of an identical pair of spacecraft that will carry this sea level dataset into its fourth decade. Its twin, the upcoming Sentinel-6B satellite, will continue to measure sea surface height down to a few centimeters for about 90% of the world’s oceans.
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This animation shows the rise in global mean sea level from 1993 to 2024 based on da-ta from five international satellites. The expansion of water as it warms was responsible for the majority of the higher-than-expected rate of rise in 2024.NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio Mixing It Up
There are several ways in which heat makes its way into the ocean, resulting in the thermal expansion of water. Normally, seawater arranges itself into layers determined by water temperature and density. Warmer water floats on top of and is lighter than cooler water, which is denser. In most places, heat from the surface moves very slowly through these layers down into the deep ocean.
But extremely windy areas of the ocean can agitate the layers enough to result in vertical mixing. Very large currents, like those found in the Southern Ocean, can tilt ocean layers, allowing surface waters to more easily slip down deep.
The massive movement of water during El Niño — in which a large pool of warm water normally located in the western Pacific Ocean sloshes over to the central and eastern Pacific — can also result in vertical movement of heat within the ocean.
Learn more about sea level:
https://sealevel.nasa.gov
News Media Contacts
Jane J. Lee / Andrew Wang
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-354-0307 / 626-379-6874
jane.j.lee@jpl.nasa.gov / andrew.wang@jpl.nasa.gov
2025-036
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Last Updated Mar 13, 2025 Related Terms
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By USH
Let’s talk about Artificial Intelligence! How many people are actually aware of the rapid rise of AI and the potential risks it poses to humanity’s future? Do you recognize these dangers, or do you choose to ignore them, turning a blind eye to the reality of AI’s impact?
An increasing number of people are becoming aware of AI's rapid rise, yet many still unknowingly rely on AI-powered technologies. Studies show that while nearly all Americans use AI-integrated products, 64% remain unaware of it.
AI adoption is expanding, by 2023, 55% of organizations had implemented AI technologies, and nearly 77% of devices incorporated AI in some form. Despite this prevalence, only 17% of adults can consistently recognize when they are using AI.
With growing awareness comes rising concern. Many fear job displacement, while others worry about AI’s long-term risks. A survey found that 29% of respondents see advanced AI as a potential existential threat, and 20% believe it could cause societal collapse within 50 years.
A June 2024 a study across 32 countries revealed that 50% of people feel uneasy about AI. As AI continues to evolve, how many truly grasp its impact—and the risks it may pose for humanity’s future?
Now, a new paper highlights the risks of artificial general intelligence (AGI), arguing that the ongoing AI race is pushing the world toward mass unemployment, geopolitical conflict, and possibly even human extinction. The core issue, according to researchers, is the pursuit of power. Tech firms see AGI as an opportunity to replace human labor, tapping into a potential $100 trillion economic output. Meanwhile, governments view AGI as a transformative military tool.
Researchers in China have already developed a robot controlled by human brain cells grown in a lab, dubbed a "brain-on-chip" system. The brain organoid is connected to the robot through a brain-computer interface, enabling it to encode and decode information and control the robotic movements. By merging biological and artificial systems, this technology could pave the way for developing hybrid human-robot intelligence.
However, experts warn that superintelligence, once achieved, will be beyond human control.
The Inevitable Risks of AGI Development. 1. Mass Unemployment – AGI would fully replace cognitive and physical labor, displacing workers rather than augmenting their capabilities.2. Military Escalation – AI-driven weapons and autonomous systems increase the likelihood of catastrophic conflict.3. Loss of Control – Superintelligent AI will develop self-improvement capabilities beyond human comprehension, rendering control impossible.4. Deception and Self-Preservation – Advanced AI systems are already showing tendencies to deceive human evaluators and resist shutdown attempts.
Experts predict that AGI could arrive within 2–6 years. Empirical evidence shows that AI systems are advancing rapidly due to scaling laws in computational power. Once AGI surpasses human capabilities, it will exponentially accelerate its own development, potentially leading to superintelligence. This progression could make AI decision-making more sophisticated, faster, and far beyond human intervention.
The paper emphasizes that the race for AGI is occurring amidst high geopolitical tensions. Nations and corporations are investing hundreds of billions in AI development. Some experts warn that a unilateral breakthrough in AGI could trigger global instability—either through direct military applications or by provoking adversaries to escalate their own AI efforts, potentially leading to preemptive strikes.
If AI development continues unchecked, experts warn that humanity will eventually lose control. The transition from AGI to superintelligence would be akin to humans trying to manage an advanced alien civilization. Super intelligent AI could take over decision-making, gradually making humans obsolete. Even if AI does not actively seek harm, its vast intelligence and control over resources could make human intervention impossible.
Conclusion: The paper stresses that AI development should not be left solely in the hands of tech CEOs who acknowledge a 10–25% risk of human extinction yet continue their research. Without global cooperation, regulatory oversight, and a shift in AI development priorities, the world may be heading toward an irreversible crisis. Humanity must act now to ensure that AI serves as a tool for progress rather than a catalyst for destruction.
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By European Space Agency
Ice melting from glaciers around the world is depleting regional freshwater resources and driving global sea levels to rise at ever-faster rates.
According to new findings, through an international effort involving 35 research teams, glaciers have been losing an average of 273 billion tonnes of ice per year since the year 2000 – but hidden within this average there has been an alarming increase over the last 10 years.
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By Space Force
During a panel at the I/ITSEC 2024, Space Force, joint and international leaders discussed future needs for modeling and simulation—spanning wargaming, training, and high-end testing.
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