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By Space Force
A nationwide reading program was created to encourage kindergarten through eighth-grade students to read 12 books during the summer break.
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By NASA
4 min read
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
Instruments in space are helping scientists map wastewater plumes flowing into the Pacific Ocean from the heavily polluted Tijuana River, seen here with the San Diego sky-line to the north. NOAA Proof-of-concept results from the mouth of the Tijuana River in San Diego County show how an instrument called EMIT could aid wastewater detection.
An instrument built at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to map minerals on Earth is now revealing clues about water quality. A recent study found that EMIT (Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation) was able to identify signs of sewage in the water at a Southern California beach.
The authors of the study examined a large wastewater plume at the mouth of the Tijuana River, south of Imperial Beach near San Diego. Every year, millions of gallons of treated and untreated sewage enter the river, which carries pollutants through communities and a national reserve on the U.S.-Mexico border before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. Contaminated coastal waters have been known to impact human health — from beachgoers to U.S. Navy trainees — and harm marine ecosystems, fisheries, and wildlife.
For decades scientists have tracked water quality issues like harmful algal blooms using satellite instruments that analyze ocean color. Shades that range from vibrant red to bright green can reveal the presence of algae and phytoplankton. But other pollutants and harmful bacteria are more difficult to monitor because they’re harder to distinguish with traditional satellite sensors.
A plume spreads out to sea in this image captured off San Diego by the Sentinel-2 satellite on March 24, 2023. Both a spectroradiometer used to analyze water samples (yellow star) and NASA’s EMIT identified in the plume signs of a type of bacterium that can sicken humans and animals.SDSU/Eva Scrivner That’s where EMIT comes in. NASA’s hyperspectral instrument orbits Earth aboard the International Space Station, observing sunlight reflecting off the planet below. Its advanced optical components split the visible and infrared wavelengths into hundreds of color bands. By analyzing each satellite scene pixel by pixel at finer spatial resolution, scientists can discern what molecules are present based on their unique spectral “fingerprint.”
Scientists compared EMIT’s observations of the Tijuana River plume with water samples they tested on the ground. Both EMIT and the ground-based instruments detected a spectral fingerprint pointing to phycocyanin, a pigment in cyanobacteria, an organism that can sicken humans and animals that ingest or inhale it.
‘Smoking Gun’
Many beachgoers are already familiar with online water-quality dashboards, which often rely on samples collected in the field, said Christine Lee, a scientist at JPL in Southern California and a coauthor of the study. She noted the potential for EMIT to complement these efforts.
“From orbit you are able to look down and see that a wastewater plume is extending into places you haven’t sampled,” Lee said. “It’s like a diagnostic at the doctor’s office that tells you, ‘Hey, let’s take a closer look at this.’”
Lead author Eva Scrivner, a doctoral student at the University of Connecticut, said that the findings “show a ‘smoking gun’ of sorts for wastewater in the Tijuana River plume.” Scrivner, who led the study while at San Diego State University, added that EMIT could be useful for filling data gaps around intensely polluted sites where traditional water sampling takes a lot of time and money.
EMIT’s Many Uses
The technology behind EMIT is called imaging spectroscopy, which was pioneered at JPL in the 1980s. Imaging spectrometers developed at JPL over the decades have been used to support areas ranging from agriculture to forest health and firefighting.
When EMIT was launched in July 2022, it was solely aimed at mapping minerals and dust in Earth’s desert regions. That same sensitivity enabled it to spot the phycocyanin pigments off the California coast.
Scrivner hadn’t anticipated that an instrument initially devoted to exploring land could reveal insights about water. “The fact that EMIT’s findings over the coast are consistent with measurements in the field is compelling to water scientists,” she said. “It’s really exciting.”
To learn more about EMIT, visit:
https://earth.jpl.nasa.gov/emit/
News Media Contacts
Jane J. Lee / Andrew Wang
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
626-379-6874 / 818-354-0307
jane.j.lee@jpl.nasa.gov / andrew.wang@jpl.nasa.gov
Written by Sally Younger
2025-078
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Last Updated Jun 12, 2025 Related Terms
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By European Space Agency
Video: 00:02:00 ESA project astronaut Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski is heading to the International Space Station on his first mission as part of Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4). He is the second ESA project astronaut from a new generation of Europeans to fly on a commercial human spaceflight mission with Axiom Space.
Sponsored by the Polish government and supported by ESA, the Polish Ministry of Economic Development and Technology (MRiT), and the Polish Space Agency (POLSA), the mission—called Ignis—features an ambitious technological and scientific programme. It includes several experiments proposed by the Polish space industry and developed in cooperation with ESA, along with additional ESA-led experiments.
Follow Sławosz's journey on the Ignis mission website and discover more about the next mission patch to be hung on the walls of the Columbus Control Centre.
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By NASA
In collaboration with the United States Department of Agriculture, Amazon Web Services, and Colorado State University, NASA turned to students for AI-driven solutions. NASA On March 28, 80 college students filed into Colorado State University’s (CSU) Nancy Richardson Design Center to receive pizza and a challenge: design an intelligent system capable of traversing rugged terrain to provide aid in emergency scenarios.
They had 24 hours to complete this mission.
Co-led by CSU, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and NASA, the Spring 2025 CSU Hackathon forged a symbiotic relationship between federal agencies looking for novel AI solutions and innovative students hungry for a challenge.
“One of the goals of the Career Center is to create opportunities for relationship building,” said Mika Dalton, CSU’s career center employer relations coordinator. “Events like these really help students connect with industry and identify different career pathways to expand their understanding of where their education could lead them after graduation.”
In teams of four, students chose between two technical prompts grounded in real-world data. The USDA Forest Service posed the “Uncharted Challenge,” asking teams to develop an autonomous mapping system for uncharted National Forest System roads using high-resolution satellite imagery. In the “Rover Challenge” posed by NASA, students were asked to design an algorithm that could autonomously guide a rover across rough terrain to reach an injured firefighter.
Over the next 24 hours, students analyzed lidar and satellite imagery, built algorithms, and tested their models in SageMaker, a development environment hosted by Amazon Web Services (AWS). As they collaborated on their solutions, students also helped NASA evaluate SageMaker’s potential for agency adoption.
The students’ work delivered tangible value to both agencies, demonstrating novel approaches to real operational challenges like wildfire response, terrain mapping, and emergency search and rescue.
The students did an incredible job showing how AI can solve tough problems, from navigating the Moon to handling emergencies, all in line with NASA’s mission.
Martin Garcia
NASA’s artificial intelligence and innovation lead
For the USDA, accurate and efficient trail maps can support fire crews and forest managers; for NASA, more advanced terrain navigation systems enhance efforts in AI-assisted robotics, including lunar rovers tasked with reaching astronauts or delivering supplies in critical missions. “The students’ consideration for energy efficient lunar vehicle traversal would benefit the agency’s mission to implement extended scientific and engineering missions on the lunar surface,” said NASA data scientist Andrew Wilder.
Winning teams received recognition for Best Overall Project, Ingenuity, Simplicity, and Tenacity. Prizes included letters of recommendation from agency leaders and future opportunities to present their work to NASA and Forest Service staff.
“I had a great team, and we were able to work through several setbacks with clear communication. I also got to meet professionals from NASA, USDA, Forest Service, and AWS. These were great opportunities and so I learned a lot of networking and interviewing from them,” said one participating CSU student.
Ultimately, 98% of post-event student survey respondents indicated a strong enthusiasm to share this event with other students. Along with the endorsement, students shared that it was a great way to learn skills, network, and try something new. Many respondents, while strongly recommending the event, emphasized that the event was very challenging, intense, and a place to apply classroom knowledge.
The hackathon demonstrated what’s possible when creativity, passion, and partnership align. For NASA’s Chief AI Officer (CAIO), it offered a clear proof of concept: a low-cost, high-impact model for advancing AI adoption by connecting real-world challenges with emerging talent. Beyond the technical outputs, NASA gained testable solutions, valuable insights into rapid prototyping, and deeper relationships with federal, academic, and industry partners. The hackathon also provided a repeatable framework for future events with other institutions.
By bringing together mission teams, partners, and student innovators—and fueling them with pizza and friendly competition—NASA is accelerating innovation in bold, creative ways.
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