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NASA Continues Advancing STEM for Students Through New Partnership
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By NASA
Teams at NASA’s Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans move a liquid hydrogen tank for the agency’s SLS (Space Launch System) rocket into the factory’s final assembly area on April 22, 2025. The propellant tank is one of five major elements that make up the 212-foot-tall rocket stage. NASA/Steven Seipel NASA completed another step to ready its SLS (Space Launch System) rocket for the Artemis III mission as crews at the agency’s Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans recently applied a thermal protection system to the core stage’s liquid hydrogen tank.
Building on the crewed Artemis II flight test, Artemis III will add new capabilities with the human landing system and advanced spacesuits to send the first astronauts to explore the lunar South Pole region and prepare humanity to go to Mars. Thermal protection systems are a cornerstone of successful spaceflight endeavors, safeguarding human life, and enabling the launch and controlled return of spacecraft.
The tank is the largest piece of SLS flight hardware insulated at Michoud. The hardware requires thermal protection due to the extreme temperatures during launch and ascent to space – and to keep the liquid hydrogen at minus 423 degrees Fahrenheit on the pad prior to launch.
“The thermal protection system protects the SLS rocket from the heat of launch while also keeping the thousands of gallons of liquid propellant within the core stage’s tanks cold enough. Without the protection, the propellant would boil off too rapidly to replenish before launch,” said Jay Bourgeois, thermal protection system, test, and integration lead at NASA Michoud. “Thermal protection systems are crucial in protecting all the structural components of SLS during launch and flight.”
In February, Michoud crews with NASA and Boeing, the SLS core stage prime contractor, completed the thermal protection system on the external structure of the rocket’s liquid hydrogen propellant fuel tank, using a robotic tool in what is now the largest single application in spaceflight history. The robotically controlled operation coated the tank with spray-on foam insulation, distributing 107 feet of the foam to the tank in 102 minutes. When the foam is applied to the core stage, it gives the rocket a canary yellow color. The Sun’s ultraviolet rays naturally “tan” the thermal protection, giving the SLS core stage its signature orange color, like the space shuttle external tank.
Having recently completed application of the thermal protection system, teams will now continue outfitting the 130-foot-tall liquid hydrogen tank with critical systems to ready it for its designated Artemis III mission. The core stage of SLS is the largest ever built by length and volume, and was manufactured at Michoud using state-of-the-art manufacturing equipment. (NASA/Steven Seipel) While it might sound like a task similar to applying paint to a house or spraying insulation in an attic, it is a much more complex process. The flexible polyurethane foam had to withstand harsh conditions for application and testing. Additionally, there was a new challenge: spraying the stage horizontally, something never done previously during large foam applications on space shuttle external tanks at Michoud. All large components of space shuttle tanks were in a vertical position when sprayed with automated processes.
Overall, the rocket’s core stage is 212 feet with a diameter of 27.6 feet, the same diameter as the space shuttle’s external tank. The liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks feed four RS-25 engines for approximately 500 seconds before SLS reaches low Earth orbit and the core stage separates from the upper stage and NASA’s Orion spacecraft.
“Even though it only takes 102 minutes to apply the spray, a lot of careful preparation and planning is put into this process before the actual application of the foam,” said Boeing’s Brian Jeansonne, the integrated product team senior leader for the thermal protection system at NASA Michoud. “There are better process controls in place than we’ve ever had before, and there are specialized production technicians who must have certifications to operate the system. It’s quite an accomplishment and a lot of pride in knowing that we’ve completed this step of the build process.”
The core stage of SLS is the largest NASA has ever built by length and volume, and it was manufactured at Michoud using state-of-the-art manufacturing equipment. Michoud is a unique, advanced manufacturing facility where the agency has built spacecraft components for decades, including the space shuttle’s external tanks and Saturn V rockets for the Apollo program.
Through Artemis, NASA will send astronauts to explore the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, and build the foundation for the first crewed missions to Mars.
For more information on the Artemis Campaign, visit:
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis/
News Media Contact
Jonathan Deal
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
256-544-0034
jonathan.e.deal@nasa.gov
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By NASA
Sasha Weston, project support, Small Spacecraft and Distributed Systems program, with the Project and Engineering Support Services II contract with NASA, discusses the program with a participant, right, during Ames Partnership Days on April 29, 2025, at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley. Through partnerships, the program advances technologies that enable small spacecraft to achieve NASA missions in faster and more affordable ways.NASA/Brandon Torres Navarrete On April 29, more than 90 representatives from industry, U.S. federal labs, government agencies, and academia gathered at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley to learn about the center’s groundbreaking research and development capabilities. The three-day event provided insight into the many ways to collaborate with NASA, including tapping into the agency’s singular subject matter expertise and gaining access to state-of-the-art facilities at NASA Ames and centers across the country. Partnerships help the agency to advance technological innovation, enable science, and foster the emerging space economy.
Terry Fong, senior scientist for autonomous systems at NASA Ames, summed up the objective of the event when he noted, “I don’t believe anyone – government, academia, industry – has a monopoly on good ideas. It’s how you best combine forces to have the greatest effect.”
Terry Fong, senior scientist at NASA Ames, center, discusses the center’s capabilities in intelligent adaptive systems and potential applications with Jessica Nowinski, chief of the Human Systems Integration division, left, and Alonso Vera, senior technologist, right, on April 29, 2025, at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley.NASA/Brandon Torres Navarrete Author: Jeanne Neal
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Last Updated May 13, 2025 Related Terms
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By NASA
Explore This Section Science Science Activation Take a Tour of the Cosmos with… Overview Learning Resources Science Activation Teams SME Map Opportunities More Science Activation Stories Citizen Science 4 min read
Take a Tour of the Cosmos with New Interactives from NASA’s Universe of Learning
Ready for a tour of the cosmos? NASA’s Universe of Learning has released a new, dynamic way for lifelong learners to explore NASA’s breathtaking images of the universe—ViewSpace interactive Image Tours. ViewSpace has an established track record of providing museums, science centers, libraries, and other informal learning environments with free, web-based videos and digital interactives—like its interactive Image Sliders. These new Image Tours are another unique experience from NASA’s Universe of Learning, created through a collaboration between scientists that operate NASA telescopes and experts well-versed in the most modern methods of learning. Hands-on, self-directed learning resources like these have long been valued by informal learning sites as effective means for engaging and intriguing users with the latest discoveries from NASA’s space telescope missions—while encouraging lifelong learners to continue their passionate exploration of the stars, galaxies, and distant worlds.
With these new ViewSpace Image Tours, visitors can take breathtaking journeys through space images that contain many exciting stories. The “Center of the Milky Way Galaxy” Tour, for example, uses breathtaking images from NASA’s Hubble, Spitzer, and Chandra X-ray telescopes and includes eleven Tour Stops, where users can interact with areas like “the Brick”—a dense, dark cloud of hydrogen molecules imaged by Spitzer. Another Tour Stop zooms toward the supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, offering a dramatic visual journey to the galaxy’s core.
In other tours, like the “Herbig-Haro 46/47” Tour, learners can navigate through points of interest in an observation from a single telescope mission. In this case, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope provides the backdrop where lifelong learners can explore superheated jets of gas and dust being ejected at tremendous speeds from a pair of young, forming stars. The power of Webb turns up unexpected details in the background, like a noteworthy distant galaxy famous for its uncanny resemblance to a question mark. Each Interactive Image Tour allows people to examine unique features through videos, images, or graphical overlays to identify how those features have formed in ways that static images alone can’t convey.
These tours, which include detailed visual descriptions for each Tour Stop, illuminate the science behind the beauty, allowing learners of all ages to develop a greater understanding of and excitement for space science, deepening their engagement with astronomy, regardless of their prior experience. Check out the About the Interactives page on the ViewSpace website for a detailed overview of how to use the Image Tours.
ViewSpace currently offers three Image Tours, and the collection will continue growing:
Center of the Milky Way Galaxy:
Peer through cosmic dust and uncover areas of intense activity near the Milky Way’s core, featuring imagery from the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Herbig-Haro 46/47:
Witness how a tightly bound pair of young stars shapes their nebula through ejections of gas and dust in an image from the James Webb Space Telescope.
The Whirlpool Galaxy:
Explore the iconic swirling arms and glowing core of a stunning spiral galaxy, with insights into star formation, galaxy structure, and more in a Hubble Space Telescope image.
“The Image Tours are beautiful, dramatic, informational, and easy to use,” explained Sari Custer, Chief of Science and Curiosity at Arizona Science Center. “I’m excited to implement them in my museum not only because of the incredible images and user-friendly features, but also for the opportunity to excite and ignite the public’s curiosity about space.”
NASA’s Universe of Learning is supported by NASA under cooperative agreement award number NNX16AC65A and is part of NASA’s Science Activation Portfolio. Learn more about how Science Activation connects NASA science experts, real content, and experiences with community leaders to do science in ways that activate minds and promote deeper understanding of our world and beyond: https://science.nasa.gov/learn/about-science-activation/
Select views from various Image Tours. Clockwise from top left: The Whirlpool Galaxy, Center of the Milky Way Galaxy, Herbig-Haro 46/47, detail view in the Center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Share
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Last Updated May 13, 2025 Editor NASA Science Editorial Team Related Terms
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By NASA
5 min read
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
La clase de pasantía 2025 del Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California, frente al histórico avión X-1E expuesto en el centro. De izquierda a derecha, los estudiantes: Tyler Requa, Gokul Nookula, Madeleine Phillips, Oscar Keiloht Chavez Ramirez y Nicolas Marzocchetti. NASA/Steve Freeman Read this story in English here.
¿Sueñas con trabajar para la NASA y contribuir a la exploración y la innovación en beneficio de la humanidad? Los programas de pasantías de la agencia ofrecen a los estudiantes de secundaria y universitarios la oportunidad de avanzar en la misión de la NASA en aeronáutica, ciencia, tecnología y espacio.
Claudia Sales, Kassidy McLaughlin y Julio Treviño empezaron sus carreras como pasantes en el Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California, donde siguen explorando los secretos del universo. Sus experiencias ponen de ejemplo el impacto a largo plazo de los programas STEM de la NASA. STEM es un acrónimo en inglés que hace referencia a las materias de ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas.
Claudia Sales, ingeniera jefa interina adjunta del X-59 de la NASA y líder de certificación de navegabilidad para la aeronave de investigación supersónica silenciosa, apoya las pruebas en tierra para los vuelos de Medidas de Investigación Acústica (ARM, por su acrónimo en inglés). La campaña de pruebas para evaluar las tecnologías que reducen el ruido de las aeronaves se llevó a cabo en el Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California, en 2018.NASA/Ken Ulbrich Claudia Sales
“Desde niña supe que quería trabajar para la NASA,” dijo Claudia Sales, ingeniera jefa adjunta en funciones del X-59 y líder de certificación de navegabilidad del avión supersónico silencioso experimental de la agencia.
La trayectoria de Sales en la NASA comenzó en 2005 como pasante de Pathways, un programa de trabajo y estudio (cooperativo) de la NASA. Ella trabajó en las ramas de propulsión y estructuras y proyectos como el avión de investigación hipersónico X-43A (Hyper-X) y el vehículo de lanzamiento orbital reutilizable X-37, donde tuvo la oportunidad de realizar cálculos para estimaciones térmicas y análisis de trayectorias. También realizó trabajos de diseño en el taller de Fabricación Experimental de la NASA Armstrong.
“Mi sueño era formar parte de proyectos de investigación en vuelos únicos,” dijo Sales. “Mi mentor fue increíble al exponerme a una amplia variedad de experiencias y trabajar en algo singular que algún día se implementará en un vehículo aéreo para hacer del mundo un lugar mejor.”
Claudia Sales, ingeniera jefe interina adjunta del X-59 de la NASA y líder de certificación de aeronavegabilidad para el avión de investigación supersónico silencioso, se encuentra frente a un Gulfstream G-III, también conocido como Pruebas de Aviones de Investigación Subsónicos (SCRAT, por su acrónimo inglés). Sales apoyó las pruebas en tierra como conductor de pruebas para los vuelos de Medidas de Investigación Acústica (ARM, por su acrónimo inglés) en el Centro de Vuelos de Investigación Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California, en 2018. NASA/Ken Ulbrich Ingeniera de sistemas de vuelo de la NASA, Kassidy Mclaughlin lleva a cabo pruebas ambientales en una paleta de instrumentación. La paleta se utilizó durante el proyecto Campaña Nacional 2020 de la NASA en el Centro de Investigación de Vuelo Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California. NASA/Lauren Hughes Kassidy McLaughlin
Asimismo, Kassidy McLaughlin, ingeniera de sistemas de vuelo, descubrió que la mentoría y la experiencia práctica como pasante fueron clave para su desarrollo profesional. Actualmente ella dirige el desarrollo de una estación de control terrestre en la NASA Armstrong.
En la secundaria y la universidad, McLaughlin se inscribió a clases STEM, sabiendo que quería seguir una carrera en ingeniería. Animada por su madre a solicitar una pasantía en la NASA, la carrera de McLaughlin comenzó en 2014 como pasante de la Oficina de Participación STEM de la NASA Armstrong. Más adelante hizo la transición al programa Pathways.
“Mi mentor me dio las herramientas necesarias y me animó a hacer preguntas,” dijo McLaughlin. “Me ayudó a ver que era capaz de cualquier cosa si me lo proponía.”
Durante cinco rotaciones como pasante, ella trabajó en el proyecto Sistemas de Aeronaves no tripulados integrados en el Sistema Nacional del Espacio Aéreo (UAS in the NAS, por su acrónimo inglés). “Es una sensación muy gratificante estar en una sala de control cuando algo en lo que has trabajado está volando,” dijo McLaughlin. Esa experiencia la inspiró a seguir la carrera de ingeniería mecánica.
“La NASA Armstrong ofrecía algo especial en cuanto a la gente,” dijo McLaughlin. “La cultura en el centro es muy amable y todos son muy acogedores.”
Julio Treviño, ingeniero jefe de operaciones del proyecto Global Hawk SkyRange de la NASA, se para en frente de un avión F/A-18 de apoyo a misiones en el Centro de Investigación de Vuelos Armstrong de la NASA en Edwards, California. NASA/Joshua Fisher Julio Treviño
Julio Treviño, ingeniero jefe de operaciones del proyecto Global Hawk SkyRange de la NASA, garantiza la navegabilidad a lo largo de las fases de planificación, integración y vuelo de sistemas y vehículos singulares. También es controlador de misión certificado, director de misión e ingeniero de pruebas de vuelo para varias aeronaves de la agencia.
Al igual que McLaughlin, Treviño comenzó su carrera en 2018 como pasante de Pathway en la rama de Dinámica y Controles en la NASA Armstrong. Esa experiencia le abrió el camino hacia el éxito tras graduarse en ingeniería mecánica.
“Como pasante, tuve la oportunidad de trabajar en el diseño y la creación de un modelo de batería para un avión totalmente eléctrico,” dijo Treviño. “Se publicó oficialmente como modelo de software de la NASA para que lo utilice cualquier persona en la agencia.”
Treviño también reconoce la cultura y la gente de la NASA como lo mejor de su pasantía. “Tuve mentores que me apoyaron mucho durante mi tiempo como pasante, y el hecho de que todos aqui realmente amen el trabajo que hacen es increíble,” él dijo.
2025 Application Deadlines
Cada año, la NASA ofrece a más de 2,000 estudiantes la oportunidad de influir en la misión de la agencia a través de pasantías. Las fechas de solicitud para el otoño de 2025 es el 16 de mayo.
Para obtener más información sobre los programas de pasantías de la NASA, las fechas límite de solicitud y elegibilidad, visite https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/internship-programs/
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Last Updated May 12, 2025 EditorDede DiniusContactPriscila Valdezpriscila.valdez@nasa.govLocationArmstrong Flight Research Center Related Terms
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4 min read
Preparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater)
The 2025 internship class at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, stand in front of the historic X-1E aircraft on display at the center. From left are interns: Tyler Requa, Gokul Nookula, Madeleine Phillips, Oscar Keiloht Chavez Ramirez, and Nicolas Marzocchetti.NASA/Steve Freeman Lee esta historia en español aquí.
Do you dream of working for NASA and contributing to exploration and innovation for the benefit of humanity? The agency’s internship programs provide high school and college students opportunities to advance NASA’s mission in aeronautics, science, technology, and space.
Claudia Sales, Kassidy McLaughlin, and Julio Treviño started their careers as interns at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, where they continue to explore the secrets of the universe. Their journeys highlight the long-term impact of the NASA’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs.
Claudia Sales, NASA’s acting X-59 deputy chief engineer and airworthiness certification lead for the quiet supersonic research aircraft, supports ground testing for Acoustic Research Measurements (ARM) flights. The test campaign to evaluate technologies that reduce aircraft noise was conducted at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, in 2018.NASA/Ken Ulbrich Claudia Sales
“I knew since I was a child that I wanted to work for NASA,” said Claudia Sales, acting X-59 deputy chief engineer X-59 deputy chief engineer and airworthiness certification lead for the agency’s quiet supersonic research aircraft.
Sales’ journey at NASA started in 2005 as a Pathways intern, a NASA work-study (co-op) program. She worked in propulsion and structures branches and supported such projects as the X-43A hypersonic research aircraft (Hyper-X) and the X-37 reusable orbital launch vehicle, where she had the opportunity to perform calculations for thermal estimations and trajectory analyses. She also completed design work with NASA Armstrong’s Experimental Fabrication Shop.
“It had been a dream of mine to be a part of unique, one-of-a-kind flight research projects,” Sales said. “My mentor was amazing at exposing me to a wide variety of experiences and working on something unique to one day be implemented on an air vehicle to make the world a better place.”
Claudia Sales, NASA’s acting X-59 deputy chief engineer and airworthiness certification lead for the quiet supersonic research aircraft, stands in front of a Gulfstream G-III, also known as Subsonic Research Aircraft Testbed (SCRAT). Sales supported ground testing as test conductor for Acoustics Research Measurements (ARM) flights at NASA’s Armstrong Research Flight Center in Edwards, California, in 2018.NASA/Ken Ulbrich NASA’s flight systems engineer, Kassidy Mclaughlin conducts environmental testing on an instrumentation pallet. The pallet was used during NASA’s National Campaign project in 2020 at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.NASA/Lauren Hughes Kassidy McLaughlin
Similarly, flight systems engineer Kassidy McLaughlin discovered that mentorship and hands-on experience as an intern were key to her professional development. She currently leads the development of a ground control station at NASA Armstrong.
In high school and college, McLaughlin enrolled in STEM classes, knowing she wanted to pursue a career in engineering. Encouraged by her mother to apply for a NASA internship, McLaughlin’s career began in 2014 as an intern for NASA Armstrong’s Office of STEM Engagement. She later transitioned to the Pathways program.
“My mentor gave me the tools necessary, and encouraged me to ask questions,” McLaughlin said. “He helped show me that I was capable of anything if I set my mind to it.”
During five rotations as an intern, she worked on the Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration in the National Airspace System (UAS in the NAS) project. “It is such a rewarding feeling to be in a control room when something you have worked on is flying,” McLaughlin said. That experience inspired her to pursue a career in mechanical engineering.
“NASA Armstrong offered something special when it came to the people,” McLaughlin said. “The culture at the center is so friendly and everyone is so welcoming.”
Julio Treviño, lead operations engineer for NASA’s Global Hawk SkyRange project, stands in front of an F/A-18 mission support aircraft at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California.NASA/Joshua Fisher Julio Treviño
Julio Treviño, lead operations engineer for NASA’s Global Hawk SkyRange project, ensures airworthiness throughout the planning, integration, and flight phases of unique systems and vehicles. He is also a certified mission controller, mission director, and flight test engineer for various agency aircraft.
Much like McLaughlin, Treviño began his journey in 2018 as a Pathway’s intern for the Dynamic and Controls branch at NASA Armstrong. That experience paved the way for success after graduating with a degree in mechanical engineering.
“As an intern, I had the opportunity to work on designing and creating a battery model for an all-electric aircraft,” Treviño said. “It was officially published as a NASA software model for use by anyone throughout the agency.”
Treviño also credits NASA’s culture and people as the best part of his internship. “I had very supportive mentors throughout my time as an intern and the fact that everyone here genuinely loves the work that they do is awesome,” he said.
2025 Application Deadlines
Every year, NASA provides more than 2,000 students the opportunity to impact the agency’s mission through hands-on internships. The 2025 application for fall is May 16, 2025.
To learn more about NASA’s internship programs, application deadlines, and eligibility, visit https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/internship-programs/
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Last Updated May 12, 2025 EditorDede DiniusContactPriscila Valdezpriscila.valdez@nasa.govLocationArmstrong Flight Research Center Related Terms
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